Wicking Properties - Capillary Theory

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Capillary Theory

This tutorial has been created to better explain the science behind a porous material’s ability to wick a fluid. Porous material’s that wick fluids such as water are referred to as hydrophilic materials. Conversely, porous materials that are capable of resisting the entry of water into their porous structure are referred to as hydrophobic materials.

In order to better understand the performance of hydrophobic or hydrophilic materials we must first define a few terms used throughout the remaining sections of this tutorial. This tutorial starts with a definition of “surface energy” – a characteristic property of all materials. After that, we’ll describe the role surface energy plays between a liquid-solid interface – namely we’ll define a liquid’s contact angle with the solid. We will then turn our attention to the role that contact angle plays in a traditional capillary. We will conclude with the scientific formulas that govern capillary force, capillary head, and capillary pressure.

Click here to view the Capillary Flow animation.

Wicking Properties

Pore Size Distribution - Capillary Flow
Water Flow vs Differential Pressure
Capillary Theory
Interfacial Surface Energy and Contact Angle
Capillary Force, Capillary Pressure & Capillary Head

Pore Size Distribution - Mercury Intrusion
Water Intrusion Pressure
Surface Energy Cohesive Forces
Contact Angle in a Capillary
Capillary Theory Conclusion

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