What Is Microfiltration? Purpose, Types & Use Cases

Microfiltration technologies have transformed various industries, including healthcare and manufacturing, by efficiently separating micron-sized particles from solutions. At the core of this process are porous polymers, which play a pivotal role in achieving high levels of purity and quality.

Microfiltration addresses the need for precise separation of solids and liquids in complex mixtures, ensuring exceptional results. Porous polymers exhibit remarkable capabilities, revolutionizing filtration processes across industries. These materials facilitate the removal of microscopic impurities and contaminants, enhancing product quality and safety. In this blog, we’ll delve into the concept of microfiltration, explore its different levels, and showcase the diverse applications of porous polymers.

Understanding Filtration

Filtration is a fundamental process that involves separating unwanted substances from a mixture, typically by passing it through a medium that selectively allows certain particles to pass while blocking others. The efficiency of filtration depends on two key factors:

• Pore size – the size of the largest particle that can pass through
• Pore size rating – the percentage of particles that are larger than the stated pore size
  • Nominal – Minimum % of particles (70 – 90%)
  • Absolute – Nearly all particles (99.9 – 99.999%)

Porous Polymers: Enabling Microfiltration

Porous polymers are materials with interconnected pores that allow the passage of specific particles based on their size. These polymers serve as the backbone for microfiltration, providing a versatile platform for a wide range of applications. Not only can porous polymers filter out unwanted particles, but they can also absorb, diffuse, reflect, and wick substances, making them indispensable for applications across various industries.

The Purpose of Microfiltration

Microfiltration’s purpose extends beyond the visible spectrum, addressing the need to remove minute particles, contaminants, and unwanted gases. By implementing microfiltration systems, industries can achieve cleaner environments, ensure product purity, protect human health, enhance process efficiency, and contribute to sustainable practices. Here are a few key benefits:

1. Particle and Contaminant Removal: Microfiltration is capable of removing tiny impurities and contaminants from liquids and gases, ensuring their purity and quality. This is particularly important in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, food, beverage, and water treatment.

2. Interference Gas Removal: Microfiltration enables the removal of interference gases in sensors, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements in critical processes and systems.

3. Air and Liquid Purification: By effectively filtering out pollutants and harmful substances, microfiltration contributes to the purification of both air and liquids. This is crucial for maintaining clean environments, protecting human health, and ensuring the efficient operation of industrial processes.

Microfiltration Levels Explained

The effectiveness of microfiltration is often categorized based on the size of particles being separated. Here, we explore the different levels of microfiltration in terms of porous media and particle sizes.

Ionic Range

In the ionic range of microfiltration, the focus is on separating ions and charged particles from a liquid medium. The porous media used in this level are designed to allow the passage of ions while blocking larger particles. This level is crucial in applications where the removal of dissolved contaminants or specific ions is essential for achieving the desired purity of the liquid.

Molecular Range

Molecular range microfiltration targets the separation of molecules based on their size. The porous media used at this level are designed to permit the passage of smaller molecules while preventing larger ones from passing through. This level is particularly significant in applications where the purification of liquids involves the removal of molecules that may affect the desired properties of the final product.

Macro Molecular Range

At the macro molecular range, microfiltration focuses on separating larger molecules from a liquid medium. The porous media used in this level have larger pore sizes, allowing the filtration of substances with larger molecular structures. This level is crucial in industries such as biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, where the removal of macromolecules is essential for product quality.

Micro Particle Range

Microparticle range microfiltration deals with the separation of small solid particles from a liquid. Porous media at this level are engineered to retain particles within a specific size range while allowing the passage of the liquid phase. This level finds application in water treatment, food processing, and pharmaceutical industries, where the removal of micro-sized contaminants is imperative.

Macro Particle Range

In the macro-particle range, microfiltration is employed to separate larger particles suspended in a liquid. The porous media used in this level have even larger pore sizes compared to micro-particle range filtration, allowing for the efficient removal of larger contaminants. This level is crucial in applications where the presence of macro-sized particles can adversely affect product quality or industrial processes.

Microfiltration Use Cases in Life Sciences Applications

Microfiltration has made significant advancements in various industries, and its impact on life sciences applications is particularly noteworthy. This powerful solution sources diverse applications, ranging from liquid contaminant removal to the separation of blood components.

1. Liquid Contaminant Removal: Maintaining a sterile environment is critical in life sciences research and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Microfiltration plays a vital role in removing unwanted particulates, bacteria, and viruses from liquids, ensuring the integrity and purity of biological samples, drug formulations, and laboratory reagents.

2. Nasal Inhalers: Microfiltration is employed in the production of nasal inhalers, which deliver medications directly to the nasal cavity. The filters in these devices ensure that only fine particles of the drug are released for optimal absorption while preventing larger particles or contaminants from entering the patient’s respiratory system.

3. Pipette Tip Filters: In laboratories, pipette tip filters are essential for accurate and contamination-free sample handling. Microfiltration membranes incorporated into these filters prevent potential cross-contamination, ensuring reliable and precise transfer of liquids during various experimental procedures.

4. Blood Cell Separation: Microfiltration plays a crucial role in hematology, where it is used to separate different components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. By utilizing porous membranes with specific pore sizes, microfiltration enables the isolation and purification of specific cell types for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Innovative Solutions from Porex

From healthcare to industrial applications, microfiltration’s ability to remove tiny impurities and contaminants plays a crucial role in ensuring purity and enhancing performance. As technology continues to advance, microfiltration will empower new and innovative applications, making the world a cleaner and safer place.

Want to learn more about how to utilize microfiltration for your application? Connect with one of our material science experts or browse our selection of samples.